Weak US Goods Exports Put Pressure on Trade Deficit

Washington: The USA trade imbalance broadened sharply in October as slowing worldwide demand and a strong dollar pushed goods exports to a seven-month low, suggesting that trade could be drag on economic growth this quarter if the trend persists.

The Commerce Department said Tuesday that the trade deficit increased 5.4% to $78.2 billion. The second straight monthly increase in the trade gap was partly driven by a shift in trade in pharmaceutical products, with exports of these items falling sharply and imports increasing.

“Trade in pharmaceuticals was always notoriously volatile, and it’s only gotten worse with the big international shipments in both directions of COVID vaccines,” said Paul Ashworth, chief North America economist at Capital Economics in Toronto.

Exports fell 0.7% to $256.6 billion, freight shipments fell 2.1% to $176.0 billion, the lowest level since March. Exports of industrial supplies declined, largely reflecting natural gas and other petroleum products. However, crude exports increased by $1.6 billion.

Exports of consumer goods fell due to a $2.2 billion decline in pharmaceutical preparations. Growth in food exports, boosted by soybeans. Capital goods exports were the highest on record. Exports of services raced $1.8 billion to an all-time high of $80.6 billion, boosted by travel, transportation and other business services.

The dollar at one point this year had appreciated more than 11% against the currencies of the United States’ main trade partners from the end of December 2021, the result of the Federal Reserve’s fastest rate-increasing cycle since the 1980s as it fights inflation. As of this month, the dollar was up 5.9% on a trade-weighted basis from the end of 2021.

Dollar strength is making U.S. manufactured goods less competitive on global markets. Monetary policy tightening by global central banks is also eroding demand. Surveys from the Institute for Supply Management this month showed measures of manufacturing and services exports stuck in contraction territory in November.

Imports rose 0.6% to $334.8 billion, with goods climbing 0.9% to $275.6 billion. They were driven by industrial supplies and materials as well as other goods. Imports of automotive vehicles, parts and engines were the highest on record. But consumer goods imports dropped, pulled down by cell phones and other household goods as well as toys, games and sporting goods. Imports of pharmaceutical preparations increased $2.7 billion. The overall decline in consumer goods imports is in line with slowing domestic demand.

COVID-19 lockdowns in China have disrupted production at factories, resulting in shortages of the new iPhone. Services imports fell $0.2 billion to $59.2 billion, reflecting a decline in transportation. But travel services also grew, as did telecommunications, computer, and information services.

Adjusted for inflation, the goods deficit increased $8.3 billion to $112.6 billion in October. Economists said even stripping out the distortions from pharmaceuticals and shortages of the new iPhone, trade was on track to subtract from gross domestic product this quarter.

A smaller trade deficit was one of the main factors behind the rebound in US economic growth in the third quarter.

“Trade is shaping up to be an arithmetic drag on GDP growth in the fourth quarter,” said Conrad DeQuadros, senior economic advisor at Brean Capital in New York. “If October’s trade movements relative to the third quarter are sustained through November and December, trade would subtract around 2.5 percentage points from fourth-quarter real GDP growth.”